Tag: Genetics

Whakapapa

Whakapapa/Ancestry
Q.  Where does your DNA come from? My DNA comes from my biological parents, who pass down their genetic information to me through reproduction. I believe that I have 25% Spanish and 75% Filipino blood, because my grandfather is pure Spanish, and my grandmother is a pure Filipino. And my father said that he was born in Madrid,Spain.
Where do Filipinos come from? Filipinos are descended from various ethnic groups and have a complex history of migration and intermixing. The indigenous people of the Philippines are believed to have migrated from various regions in Southeast Asia. Additionally, the Philippines has been influenced by Colonization and trade with other countries, including Spain, China, and the United States, which has also contributed to the diverse heritage of Filipinos.
The ancestors of the vast majority of the population were of Malay descent and came from the Southeast Asian mainland as well as from what is now Indonesia. Contemporary Filipino society consists of nearly 100 culturally and linguistically distinct ethnic groups.
What do I learn from this blog? I learn that we also need that we know where we came from, this also helps us identify what race we are like we can tract from the past if they are 100% Spanish, or 100% Maori. 
because some of the people are getting confused if they are really an Asian, It’s really good that we have a technology that can help us if we want to know what race we are.
Where does the Y chromosome come from?
The Y chromosome is believed to have originated from a common ancestor with the X chromosome around 300-200 million years ago. Over time, it has undergone changes and mutations, leading to the diversity of Y chromosomes seen in different populations today.

Gel Electrophoresis

Aim:

I want to find out how to separate DNA fragments using Gel Electrophoresis.

Research:

Method:

Equipment

Instructions (From The University Of Canterbury)

How to use Pipette

1. Set volume of the pipette using the volume adjustment dial.                                                                                                                                                                                                             2. Fit a tip to the end of the shaft. Press down and twist slightly
to ensure an airtight seal. Avoid anything touching the tip                                               
and contaminating it.
3. Hold the pipette in a vertical position. Press the plunger to
the first stop. Air equal to the volume of the setting
(e.g. 10 μL) is displaced.
4. Immerse the tip into the liquid and gently release the
plunger. Wait one second for liquid to be sucked up into the
tip. The volume of liquid in the tip will equal the volume on
the display.
5. Place the tip at a small angle (10° to 45°) against the wall of
the receiving container. Press the plunger to the first stop,
wait one second then press the plunger to the second stop to
expel all of the liquid.
6. Move the end of the tip away from the liquid. Release the
plunge back to the rest position.
7. Discard the tip into a waste container using the tip ejector button.

Running the gel (From The University Of Canterbury)
1. Prepare the samples
Make up your samples to 20 μL by adding 10 μL distilled
water to each of the tubes using a micropipette.
Using a quick wrist flicking motion get all the liquid to the
bottom of the tube so that you can pipette it out.
2. Prepare your E-gel-EX
Take the gel out of the foil packaging.
Carefully remove the comb by lifting it from both sides
without bending it.
3. Load the gel
Pipette your samples and ladder into the desired wells; try
to avoid introducing bubbles into the wells.
Fill any empty wells with 20 μL of distilled water.
Write down which well you loaded each sample.
4. Run the gel
Place the gel on the grey iBase, right side first, sliding it
across and pressing on the left side.
Use programme 7 “Run E-Gel EX” programme (find this by
pressing Mode then the up arrow then press Go when you
are ready).
5. Watch progress
You can watch the progress of the gel using the Safe-Imager
and the orange screen: place the iBase on top of the SafeImager with the orange screen over the gel, then press the
red button on the Safe-Imager to turn on the light – your
DNA bands will light up.
6. View results and photograph
When the gels are finished (10 minutes), have a look at each
of them using the Safe-Imager, and take photos if desired.
The DNA will diffuse over time, so be sure to examine your
gels shortly after they finish running.

 

 

Results

 

 

 

 

Discussions

I learned that you need to take the experiment seriously and, study it well so in the future we know what to do. This experiment was good honestly, because this is my first time doing an experiment. I hope that we will do more experiments in the future I’m looking forward to it.

What is Gel electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is a technique commonly used in laboratories to separate charged molecules like DNA, RNA and Proteins according to their size.

Charged molecules move through a gel when an electric current is passed across it.

And also Gel Electrophoresis is an electric current is applied across the gel so that one end of the gel has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge.